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Whitney Moore Young, Jr. (July 31, 1921 – March 11, 1971) was an American civil rights leader. He spent most of his career working to end employment discrimination in the United States and turning the National Urban League from a relatively passive civil rights organization into one that aggressively worked for equitable access to socioeconomic opportunity for the historically disenfranchised. ==Early life and career== Young was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, on July 31, 1921, to educated parents. His father, Whitney M. Young, Sr., was the president of the Lincoln Institute, and served twice as the president of the Kentucky Negro Educational Association.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Notable Kentucky African Americans Database Young, Whitney M., Sr. Search Results )〕 Whitney's mother, Laura Young, was a teacher who served as the first female postmistress in Kentucky (second in the United States), being appointed to that position by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Notable Kentucky African Americans Database Search Results Young, Laura R. )〕 Young enrolled in the Lincoln Institute at the age of 13, graduating as his class valedictorian, with his sister Margaret becoming salutatorian, in 1937.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Leading the Way to Real Progress: The Portland Urban League, 1964-1970 )〕 Young earned his bachelor of science in social work from Kentucky State University, a historically black institution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Whitney Young Scholar Award )〕 Young had aspirations of becoming a doctor at Kentucky State. During this time at Kentucky State, Young was also a forward on the University's basketball team, and was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, where he served as the vice president. He became the president of his senior class, and graduated in 1941.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =King Encyclopedia Young, Whitney Moore (1921-1971) )〕 During World War II, Young was trained in electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was then assigned to a road construction crew of black soldiers supervised by Southern white officers. After just three weeks, he was promoted from private to first sergeant, creating hostility on both sides. Despite the tension, Young was able to mediate effectively between his white officers and black soldiers angry at their poor treatment. This situation propelled Young into a career in race relations. After the war, Young joined his wife, Margaret, at the University of Minnesota, where he earned a master's degree in social work in 1947 and volunteered for the St. Paul branch of the National Urban League. He was then appointed as the industrial relations secretary in that branch in 1949.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Whitney M. Young, Jr. Scholarship )〕 In 1950, Young became president of the National Urban League's Omaha, Nebraska chapter. In that position, he helped get black workers into jobs previously reserved for whites. Under his leadership, the chapter tripled its number of paying members. While he was president of the Omaha Urban League, Young taught at the University of Nebraska from 1950 to 1954, and Creighton University from 1951 to 1952.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Whitney Moore Young, Jr.: Social Work Administrator )〕 In 1954, he took up his next position, as the first dean of social work at Atlanta University.〔W. Peebles-Wilkins, 1995, "Young, Whitney Moore Jr.," ''Encyclopedia of Social Work'' (19th ed., Vol. 3, R.L. Edwards, Ed.), Washington, DC: NASW Press, pp. 2618-2619, see (), accessed 15 February 2015.〕〔Office of the Dean, 2015, "Brief History of the Whitney M. Young, Jr., School of Social Work," Atlanta, GA:Clark Atlanta University (Whitney M. Young, Jr School of Social Work), see (), accessed 15 February 2015.〕 There, Young supported alumni in their boycott of the Georgia Conference of Social Welfare in response to low rates of African-American employment within the organization.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Whitney M. Young, Jr. (1921-1971) )〕 Young and his wife Margaret were the first blacks to join the United Liberal Church (since 1965, named the Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Atlanta), and Whitney would eventually join its Board of Trustees. Due in part to the Youngs' influence,the church stopped having its annual picnics at segregated parks and became "integrated not just desegregated." Many in the congregation were active in the civil rights movement, and the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., then assistant to his father at nearby Ebenezer Baptist Church, was a pulpit guest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Our Mission & History )〕 In 1960, Young was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation grant for a postgraduate year at Harvard University. In the same year, he joined the NAACP and rose to become state president,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Who is Whitney M. Young, Jr.? )〕 where he was also a close friend of Roy Wilkins, its executive director. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Whitney Young」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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